Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition characterized by mood swings with intense highs and extreme lows. Additionally, it may cause extreme shifts in energy levels and behavior. When left untreated, bipolar disorder can interrupt daily functioning, impact interpersonal relationships and contribute to impulsive and reckless behavior.

Signs and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder can be difficult to recognize and diagnose for a variety of reasons. Many of the symptoms of bipolar disorder also occur with other mental illnesses and often are misdiagnosed. Additionally, episodes of high energy grandiose thinking may lead an individual to be in a state of denial about the effects of their condition. 

Symptoms of bipolar disorder are split into two main categories, manic or depressive, based on their presentation and when an individual may experience them. 

Manic symptoms, or symptoms of mania, can be experienced during the intense higher energy part of a mood swing and can include:

  • Extreme feelings of euphoria 

  • Excessive energy, restlessness and activity

  • Racing thoughts or rapid talking (known as “pressured speech”)

  • Decreased need for sleep

  • Exaggerated self-confidence or belief in one’s abilities

  • Poor judgment leading to reckless behaviors (ex. Reckless driving, spending sprees, overambitious business ventures)

  • Provocative and aggressive social behaviors

  • Substance abuse

  • Signs of psychosis

Depressive symptoms, or symptoms of depression, are experienced during the extreme lower energy end of a mood swing and can include:

Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety and emptiness

  • Changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and weight

  • Irritability or restlessness

  • Difficulty concentrating or focusing

  • Trouble with memory

  • Fatigue and low energy levels

  • Chronic pain or digestive issues

  • Feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and worthlessness

  • Suicidal ideation or attempts

Types of Bipolar Disorder

There are 3 main diagnoses for bipolar disorder that differ in their severity, episode length, and symptom presentation. The three main types of bipolar disorder are Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Cyclothymic disorder. 

  • Bipolar I: This is the most severe presentation of bipolar disorder. It is characterized by at least one episode of mania that may be extreme or dangerous. 

  • Bipolar II: This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by depressive episodes and occasional hypomanic episodes. 

  • Cyclothymic disorder: This is a rare type of bipolar disorder that is characterized by less severe extremes in mood swings than seen in bipolar I or bipolar II. 

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

While there is no “cure” for bipolar disorder, there are many interventions that may help with symptom management and mood stability to improve overall quality of life. A comprehensive treatment plan for bipolar disorder will likely include one or more of the following interventions.

  • Medication: Medication can be a pivotal component of treatment for bipolar disorder. Some commonly prescribed medication for bipolar disorder include lithium, mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics.  

  • Therapy: Talk therapy can be an important space for individuals with bipolar disorder to learn how to navigate mood swings, learn healthy coping mechanisms, and work through cognitive distortions. Some common therapeutic modalities include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and family-focused therapy. 

  • Lifestyle changes: As with most mental and physical health challenges, implementing healthy lifestyle habits can improve symptoms and overall well being for individuals living with bipolar disorder. Examples of healthy habits include a regular sleep schedule, balanced eating, regular exercise, and meditation practices. 


When should I see a professional?

If you or a loved one are experiencing mood swings that cannot be managed on your own or interfere with your daily life, it may be time to consult a mental health professional, such as a therapist or psychiatric nurse practitioner. At Tree of Life Counseling Center in Princeton and Freehold, NJ, we have an experienced team of 50+ clinicians to help support you through whatever you may be facing. Schedule an appointment today by calling 732-393-8391 or filling out an online form at https://www.treeoflifecc.org/start-today